Central
Kalimantan
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Central Kalimantan
Kalimantan Tengah |
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Motto: "Isen Mulang" (Sangen)
"Never Retreat" |
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Location of Central Kalimantan in
Indonesia.
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Government
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• Governor
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Agustin Teras Narang SH
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Area
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• Total
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153,564.5 km2(59,291.6 sq mi)
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Population (2010 Census)[1]
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• Total
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2,202,599
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• Density
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14/km2 (37/sq mi)
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Demographics[2]
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Website
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Central Kalimantan (Indonesian: Kalimantan
Tengah) is a province of
Indonesia. It is one of five provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of Borneo.
Its provincial capital is Palangkaraya and
in 2010 its population was over 2.2 million.[1]
The population growth rate was almost 3.0%
per annum between 1990 and 2000, one of the highest provincial growth rates in
Indonesia during that time; in the subsequent decade to 2010 the average annual
growth rate slowed markedly to around 1.8%. More than is the case in other
province in the region, Central Kalimantan is populated by the Dayaks, the indigenous inhabitants of Borneo.
History
Since the eighteenth century the central
region of Kalimantan and its Dayak inhabitants were ruled by the Muslim Sultanate of Banjar.
Following Indonesian independence after World War II, Dayak tribes demanded a
province separate from South Kalimantan province.[3]
In 1957 South Kalimantan was divided to provide
the Dayak population with greater autonomy from the Muslim population in the province. The change was
approved by the Indonesian Government on 23 May 1957 under Presidential Law No.
10 Year 1957, which declared Central Kalimantan the seventeenth province of
Indonesia. President Sukarno appointed the Dayak-born national hero Tjilik
Riwut as the first Governor and Palangka Raya the provincial capital.[4]
The three major Dayak tribes in Central
Kalimantan are the Ngaju, Ot Danum and Dusun Ma'anyan Ot Siang. The three major tribes extended
into several branches of prominent Dayak tribes in Central Kalimantan such as Lawangan, Taboyan, Dusun
Siang, Boyan, Bantian, Dohoi and Kadori.
In addition to the indigenous Dayak
tribes, the province also groups from other areas of Indonesia, including
Javanese, Maduranese, Batak, Toraja, Ambonese, Bugis, Palembang, Minang,
Banjarese, Makassar, Papuan, Balinese, Acehnese and also Chinese.
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Historical population
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Year
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Pop.
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±%
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1971
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701,936
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—
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1980
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954,353
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+36.0%
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1990
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1,396,486
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+46.3%
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1995
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1,627,453
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+16.5%
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2000
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1,857,000
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+14.1%
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2010
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2,212,089
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+19.1%
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Geography[edit]
Central Kalimantan is the 3rd
largest Indonesian province by area with a size of 153,800 km2, about 1.5 times
the size of the island of Java. It is bordered by West and East Kalimantan
provinces to the north, by the Java Sea to the south, by South and East
Kalimantan provinces to the east, and by West Kalimantan province to west.
The Schwaner
Mountains stretch from
the north-east of the province to the south-west, 80% of which is covered in
dense forest, peatland swamps, mangroves, rivers, and traditional agriculture
land. Highland areas in the north-east are remote and not easily accessible.
Non-volcanic mounts are scattered in this area including Kengkabang, Samiajang,
Liang Pahang and Ulu Gedang.
The
centre of the province is covered with tropical forest, which produces rattan,
resin and valuable timber such as Ulin and Meranti. The southern lowlands are
dominated by peatland swamps that intersect with many rivers. Sabangau
National Park is a
protected peatland area internationally acknowledged as sanctuary for the
endangered Orangutan.
Recently the peat swamp forests have been damaged by the Mega Rice
Project, which unsuccessfully sought to turn large areas into rice
paddies.
The
province's climate is wet weather equatorial zone with an eight-month rainy
season, and 4 months of dry season. Rainfall or precipitation is 2,776 -
3,393 mm per year with an average of 145 rainy days annually.[citation
needed]
Rivers
Central Kalimantan has numerous rivers from the catchment
areas to the north in the Schwaner Mountains, flowing to the Java Sea. The
major rivers include:
Barito River (900 km)
Kapuas River (600 km)
Kahayan River (600 km)
Katingan River (600 km)
Mentaya River (400 km)
Seruyan River (350 km)
Lamandau River (300 km)
Arut River (250 km)
Sebangau River (200 km)
Kumai River (179 km)
Jelai River (100 km)
Rivers are an important mode of transportation and a primary
location for settlement. With relatively undeveloped infrastructure, the
province's economy relies heavily on the rivers
Administration
Central Kalimantan is administratively
divided into thirteen regencies (each headed by a regent) and one city - the
latter being Palangka Raya (the provincial capital). These are as
follows:
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Name
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Capital
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Population
2000 Census |
Population
2005 estimate |
Population
2010 Census |
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29,561
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33,455
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44,838
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47,969
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48,606
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62,776
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West Kotawaringin
Regency
(Kotawaringin Barat) |
168,472
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198,838
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235,274
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92,037
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94,524
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139,443
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East Kotawaringin
Regency
(Kotawaringin Timur) |
308,765
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299,343
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373,842
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121,047
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130,271
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141,350
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158,770
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170,761
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220,223
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111,488
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115,200
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119,630
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74,823
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80,750
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96,838
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325,243
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351,597
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329,406
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74,050
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80,318
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97,029
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North Barito Regency
(Barito Utara) |
109,273
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115,261
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120,879
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East Barito Regency
(Barito Timur) |
71,907
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77,124
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97,080
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South Barito Regency
(Barito Selatan) |
108,560
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116,978
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123,991
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Totals
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1,801,965
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1,913,026
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2,202,599
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In addition to the civil service, Central
Kalimantan also recognises a traditional governing system led by traditional
leaders known asDemang. The province is divided into 67 traditional law
areas known as Kademangan, headed by Demang. The system is intended to culturally recognise and preserve the customs
and heritage of the Dayak tribes
